THE ANALYSIS OF PEDALING FORCE AND LOWER EXTREMITY EMG USING DIFFERENT PEDALING RATES AND LOADS

In cycling, the pedaling rate and load will affect the rider’s performance and the enjoyment of riding. Previous studies usually analyzed the lower extremity EMG with different pedaling posture and pedaling rate, but mostly by professional cyclists (Neptune & Hull, 1999). However, most riders are recreational riders, therefore the results of previous studies are not suitable for the untrained persons, there were no results of lower extremity EMG and pedaling force in the study of pedaling rate and load. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the different pedaling rates and loads on pedaling force and lower extremity EMG

Is DsJ+(2632)D^{+}_{sJ}(2632) the first radial excitation of Ds∗(2112)D_{s}^{*}(2112)?

We present a quantitative analysis of the $D^{+}_{sJ}(2632)$ observed by SELEX mainly focusing on the assumption that $D^{+}_{sJ}(2632)$ is the first radial excitation of the $1^{-}$ ground state $D^{*}_{s}(2112)$. By solving the instantaneous Bethe-Salpeter equation, we obtain the mass $2658\pm 15$ MeV for the first excited state, which is about 26 MeV heavier than the experimental value $2632\pm 1.7$ MeV. By means of PCAC and low-energy theorem we calculate the transition matrix elements and obtain the decay widths: $\Gamma(D^{+}_{sJ}\to D^{+}_s\eta)=4.07\pm 0.34$ MeV, $\Gamma(D^{+}_{sJ}\to D^{0}K^{+}) \simeq \Gamma(\Gamma(D^{+}_{sJ}\to D^{+}K^{0})=8.9\pm 1.2$ MeV, and the ratio $\Gamma(D^{+}_{sJ}\to D^{0}K^{+})/\Gamma(D^{+}_{sJ}\to D^{+}_{s}\eta)=2.2\pm 0.2$ as well. This ratio is quite different from the SELEX data $0.14\pm 0.06$. The summed decay width of those three channels is approximately 21.7 MeV, already larger than the observed bound for the full width ($\leq 17$ MeV). Furthermore, assuming $D_{sJ}^+(2632)$ is $1^{-}$ state, we also explore the possibility of $S-D$ wave mixing to explain the SELEX observation. Based on our analysis, we suspect that it is too early to conclude that $D^{+}_{sJ}(2632)$ is the first radial excitation of the $1^{-}$ ground state $D^{*}_{s}(2112)$. More precise measurements of the relative ratios and the total decay width are urgently required especially for $S-D$ wave mixing.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figure

Transport spectroscopy in a time-modulated open quantum dot

We have investigated the time-modulated coherent quantum transport phenomena in a ballistic open quantum dot. The conductance $G$ and the electron dwell time in the dots are calculated by a time-dependent mode-matching method. Under high-frequency modulation, the traversing electrons are found to exhibit three types of resonant scatterings. They are intersideband scatterings: into quasibound states in the dots, into true bound states in the dots, and into quasibound states just beneath the subband threshold in the leads. Dip structures or fano structures in $G$ are their signatures. Our results show structures due to 2$\hbar\omega$ intersideband processes. At the above scattering resonances, we have estimated, according to our dwell time calculation, the number of round-trip scatterings that the traversing electrons undertake between the two dot openings.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure

PHP61 The Financial Impacts of Pharmacist Intervention in Inpatient Department of a Local Hospital in Taiwan

Morphometric analysis of S. mortenseni. (DOC 44 kb

Testing the Non-universal Z^\prime Model in Bs -> \phi \pi^0 Decay

The branching ratio and direct CP asymmetry of the decay mode $B_s \to \phi \pi^0$ have been calculated within the QCD factorization approach in both the standard model (SM) and the non-universal $Z^\prime$ model. In the standard model, the CP averaged branching ratio is about $1.3\times 10^{-7}$. Considering the effect of $Z^\prime$ boson, we found the branching ratio can be enlarged three times or decreased to one third %by the effect of $Z^\prime$ boson within the allowed parameter spaces. Furthermore, the direct CP asymmetry could reach 55% with a light $Z^\prime$ boson and suitable CKM phase, compared to 25% predicted in the SM. The enhancement of both branching ratio and CP asymmetry cannot be realized at the same parameter spaces, thus, if this decay mode is measured in the upcoming LHC-b experiment and/or Super B-factories, the peculiar deviation from the SM may provide a signal of the non-universal $Z^\prime$ model, which can be used to constrain the mass of $Z^\prime$ boson in turn.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figure

Study on the Activity of PI3K/AKT, Death Receptor and 14-3-3 Mediated Signaling Pathways Regulating Hepatocyte Apoptosis during Rat Liver Regeneration

Studies have shown that apoptosis is closely related to the rat liver regeneration. To understand the mechanism of hepatocyte apoptosis during rat liver regeneration at the gene transcription level, the Rat Genome 230 2.0 Array was used to determine the expression changes of genes. Then the genes associated with cell apoptosis were searched by GO and NCBI databases, and cell apoptosis signaling pathways were searched by the database of QIAGEN and KEGG. Their signaling activities were calculated by spectral function E(t). The mechanism of hepatocyte apoptosis during rat liver regeneration was analyzed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis 9.0 (IPA). The results showed that among the 27 signaling pathways regulating cell apoptosis, the E(t) values of Apoptosis signaling pathway and 14-3-3 mediated signaling pathway were significantly increased in the progression phase (6-72h after PH) of rat liver regeneration, and the E(t) values of hepatocyte apoptosis mediated by mitochondria rout were also significantly increased. The E(t) values of death receptor signaling pathway and PI3K/AKT branch of 14-3-3 mediated signaling pathway were significantly increased in the progression phase and the terminal phase (72-168h after PH) of rat liver regeneration, and the E(t) values of hepatocyte apoptosis mediated by cytomembrane route and nucleus route were also significantly increased. Conclusion: PI3K/AKT, death receptor and mitochondria branch played a key role in promoting cell apoptosis during rat liver regeneration

qˉq{\bar {q}}q condensate for light quarks beyond the chiral limit

We determine the ${\bar{q}}q$ condensate for quark masses from zero up to that of the strange quark within a phenomenologically successful modelling of continuum QCD by solving the quark Schwinger-Dyson equation. The existence of multiple solutions to this equation is the key to an accurate and reliable extraction of this condensate using the operator product expansion. We explain why alternative definitions fail to give the physical condensate.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figure

A renormalizable SO(10) GUT scenario with spontaneous CP violation

We consider fermion masses and mixings in a renormalizable SUSY SO(10) GUT with Yukawa couplings of scalar fields in the representation 10 + 120 + 126 bar. We investigate a scenario defined by the following assumptions: i) A single large scale in the theory, the GUT scale. ii) Small neutrino masses generated by the type I seesaw mechanism with negligible type II contributions. iii) A suitable form of spontaneous CP breaking which induces hermitian mass matrices for all fermion mass terms of the Dirac type. Our assumptions define an 18-parameter scenario for the fermion mass matrices for 18 experimentally known observables. Performing a numerical analysis, we find excellent fits to all observables in the case of both the normal and inverted neutrino mass spectrum.Comment: 16 pages, two eps figure

Classification and nondegeneracy of SU(n+1)SU(n+1) Toda system with singular sources

We consider the following Toda system \Delta u_i + \D \sum_{j = 1}^n a_{ij}e^{u_j} = 4\pi\gamma_{i}\delta_{0} \text{in}\mathbb R^2, \int_{\mathbb R^2}e^{u_i} dx -1$,$\delta_0$is Dirac measure at 0, and the coefficients$a_{ij}$form the standard tri-diagonal Cartan matrix. In this paper, (i) we completely classify the solutions and obtain the quantization result:$$\sum_{j=1}^n a_{ij}\int_{\R^2}e^{u_j} dx = 4\pi (2+\gamma_i+\gamma_{n+1-i}), \;\;\forall\; 1\leq i \leq n.$$This generalizes the classification result by Jost and Wang for$\gamma_i=0$,$\forall \;1\leq i\leq n$. (ii) We prove that if$\gamma_i+\gamma_{i+1}+...+\gamma_j \notin \mathbb Z$for all$1\leq i\leq j\leq n$, then any solution$u_i$ is \textit{radially symmetric} w.r.t. 0. (iii) We prove that the linearized equation at any solution is \textit{non-degenerate}. These are fundamental results in order to understand the bubbling behavior of the Toda system.Comment: 28 page

Selective-Area Growth of Heavily \u3cem\u3en\u3c/em\u3e–Doped GaAs Nanostubs on Si(001) by Molecular Beam Epitaxy

Using an aspect ratio trapping technique, we demonstrate molecular beam epitaxy of GaAs nanostubs on Si(001) substrates. Nanoholes in a SiO2 mask act as a template for GaAs-on-Si selective-area growth(SAG) of nanostubs 120 nm tall and ≤100 nm in diameter. We investigate the influence of growthparameters including substrate temperature and growth rate on SAG. Optimizing these parameters results in complete selectivity with GaAsgrowth only on the exposed Si(001). Due to the confined-geometry, strain and defects in the GaAs nanostubs are restricted in lateral dimensions, and surface energy is further minimized. We assess the electrical properties of the selectively grownGaAs nanostubs by fabricating heterogeneous p+–Si/n+–GaAs p–n diodes